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For exports, it leans on the key industries of aeronautics, hydroelectricity, mining, pharmaceuticals, aluminum, wood, and paper. In the south, it shares a border with the United States.d Quebec has a population of around 8 million, making it Canada's second-most populous province only behind Ontario. It shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, New Brunswick to the southeast and a coastal border with the territory of Nunavut.
The unemployment rate in June 2018 was 3.8%, below the national average (6.0%) and the second-lowest of Canada's 34 largest cities, behind Peterborough (2.7%). CHUQ (the local hospital network) is the city's largest institutional employer, with more than 10,000 employees in 2007. More than a third of city residents reported being capable of speaking both French and English. In 2021, according to Statistics Canada, 90.6% of Quebec City's population spoke French as their sole mother tongue. The English-speaking community peaked in relative terms during the 1860s, when 40% of Quebec City's residents were Anglophone.
- Like most industrialized countries, the economy is based mainly on the services sector.
- It supports creation, innovation, production, and international exhibits for all cultural fields of Quebec.
- Some tried to slow the Grande Hémorragie by redirecting people north, which resulted in the founding of many regions in Quebec (ex. Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Val-d’Or) but also in Northeastern Ontario.
- In 2025, following the implementation of tariffs and aggressive rhetoric by the United States president Donald Trump, Quebecers decreased their travel to the US, banned the sale of American alcohol, and slightly reduced personal purchases of US items.
- Other notable examples include the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, the Charter of the French language, and the Civil Code of Quebec.
Indigenous peoples and European expeditions (pre-
This sport was played for the first time on March 3, 1875, in Montreal and has been promoted over the years by numerous achievements, including the centenary of the Montreal Canadiens. "Le temps des sucres" is a period during springtime when many Quebecers go to the sugar shack (cabane à sucre) for a traditional meal. When walking in any city or town, one can come across buildings with styles congruent to Classical, Neo-Gothic, Roman, Neo-Renaissance, Greek Revival, Neo-Classical, Québécois Neo-Classical, Victorian, Second Empire, Modern, Post-modern or Skyscrapers.
History
- On October 30, 2003, the National Assembly voted unanimously to affirm “that the people of Québec form a nation”.
- Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival, its summer music festival and its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations.The Jardin zoologique du Québec, now closed, reopened in 2002 after extensive repairs before ultimately shutting permanently in 2006.
- Carl Girouard, the arrestee, reportedly killed 2 people and hospitalized 5 others.
- However, its military troops failed to defeat the British counteroffensive during its Invasion of Quebec in 1775.
- Although the Acadian settlement at Port-Royal was established three years earlier, Quebec came to be known as the cradle of North America’s Francophone population.
- In 1996, the federal government launched the Sponsorship Program to increase federal visibility in Quebec.
The councilors are elected by first-past-the-post voting while the mayor is elected by the city at-large. Quebec City is governed by a mayor–council government, which includes the 21 single-member districts of the legislative Quebec City Council and the separately elected mayor. Nonetheless, five of the six seats won by the Conservatives in the province were found in the greater Quebec City area. According to this theory, its permanent status of "second city" (albeit the capital) engendered feelings of "repressed jealousy". Various lines of thought were offered, including the popularity of the talk radio stations CHOI and FM93 expressing fiscally conservative and non-politically correct opinions. Along with the city's lesser support for Quebec sovereignty, this led political pundits to speculate about a "Quebec City mystery".
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Quebec is responsible for operating the prison system for sentences of less than two years, and the federal government operates penitentiaries for sentences of two years or more. The Department of Justice of Canada also has the power to prosecute offenders, but only for offences against specific federal laws (ex. selling narcotics). The Sûreté du Québec fulfils the role of municipal police in the 1038 municipalities that do not have a municipal police force. Municipal police, such as the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal and the Service de police de la Ville de Québec, are responsible for law enforcement in their municipalities.
The Ministère de la Famille et des Aînés du Québec operate centres de la petite enfance (fr) (CPEs; 'centres for young children'). Quebec's health system is supported by the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) which works to maintain the accessibility of services for all citizens of Quebec. Quebec's immigration philosophy is based on the principles of pluralism and interculturalism.The Ministère de l'Immigration et des Communautés culturelles du Québec is responsible for the selection and integration of immigrants. It takes its revenue through a progressive income tax, a 9.975% sales tax, various other provincial taxes (ex. carbon, corporate and capital gains taxes), equalization payments, transfer payments from other provinces, and direct payments. This ministry is also responsible for managing the Régime québécois d'assurance parentale (QPIP) as well as last-resort financial support for people in need.
Traditional Quebec (1867–
In 1962, the government dismantled the financial syndicates of Montreal's Saint Jacques Street to weaken the grip of the English-Canadian traditional economic elites. It created the CDPQ, Ministry of Education, OQLF, Régie des rentes and Société générale de financement, and modernized the Labour Code and Ministry of Social Affairs. It resulted in the formation of the modern Québécois identity and Quebec nationalism. When Canada declared war in September 1939, the federal government pledged not to conscript soldiers for overseas service. French Canadians remained opposed to conscription during the Second World War.
Quebec has a health policy that emphasizes prevention, is based on the analysis of health-related data, and evolves with the needs of the population. In addition, the Government of Quebec owns airports and heliports to increase the accessibility of local services to communities in the Basse-Côte-Nord and northern regions. Quebec's air network includes 43 airports that offer scheduled services on a daily basis. In April 2012, plans were unveiled for the construction of an 800 km (497 mi) railway running north from Sept-Îles, to support mining and other resource extraction in the Labrador Trough. Although primarily intended for the transport of goods through companies such as the Canadian National (CN) and the Canadian Pacific (CP), the Quebec railway network is also used by inter-city passengers via Via Rail Canada and Amtrak. The Commission des transports du Québec works with the freight carriers and the public transport.
Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec
In 2011, the mining industry accounted for 6.3% of Quebec's GDP and it employed about 50,000 people in 158 companies. The public company Hydro-Québec occupies a dominant position in the production, transmission and distribution of electricity in Quebec. In 2019, Quebec's electricity production amounted to 214 terawatt-hours (TWh), 95% of which comes from hydroelectric power stations, and 4.7% of which come from wind energy. Quebec produces most of Canada's hydroelectricity and is the second biggest hydroelectricity producer in the world (2019). In 2008, Quebec's exports to other provinces in Canada and abroad totalled 157.3 billion CND$, or 51.8% of Quebec's gross domestic product (GDP). They make up the majority of the population living north of the 55th parallel.
Quebec City has the oldest educational institution for women in North America, led by the Ursulines of Quebec, which is now a private elementary school. Until 1998 Commission des écoles catholiques de Québec operated public Catholic schools of all languages. Three school boards, including Commission scolaire de la Capitale, operate secular francophone schools, and Central Quebec School Board operates the few existing anglophone ones.
The book traces Quebec City's artistic production through pre-contact Indigenous traditions into four centuries of colonial history. Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival, its summer music festival and its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations.The Jardin zoologique du Québec, now closed, reopened in 2002 after extensive repairs before ultimately shutting permanently in 2006. Other suburban places identified by the city for their potential are the Lebourgneuf area for private offices, as well as Estimauville Street where the Government of Canada already has many civil servants and where several city officials are expected to move in the 2020s. Principal products include pulp and paper, processed food, metal/wood items, chemicals, electronics and electrical equipment, and printed materials.
In an attempt to remedy this, the Quebec government enacted infrastructure projects, campaigns to colonize distant regions, financial assistance to farmers, and the secours directs – the ancestor to Canada's Employment Insurance. In the 1930s, Quebec's economy was affected by the Great Depression because it greatly reduced US demand for Quebec exports. However, the Quebec government did not recognize the ruling, resulting in a boundary dispute which remains ongoing.
Quebec City
Anglophones made up approximately 40% of the city's population in 1861, but 16% in 1901. The city experienced an economic golden age in the 1800s, due to its favorable location on the Saint Lawrence River which gave rise to industries of wooden sailing ships manufacture, export of squared timber logs. The city itself was not attacked during the War of 1812, when the United States again attempted to annex Canadian lands. France ceded New France, including the city, to Britain in 1763, when the French and Indian War officially ended. Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America and the only fortified city north of Mexico whose walls still exist.
The provincial government is responsible for private law, the administration of justice, and several social domains, such as social assistance, healthcare, education, and natural resources. In 1909, the Quebec government passed a law obligating wood and pulp to be transformed in Quebec, which helped slow the Grande Hémorragie by allowing Quebec to export its finished products to the US instead of its labourers. The Université du Québec system administrative headquarters and some of its specialized schools (École nationale d'administration publique, Institut national de la recherche scientifique and Télé-université) are in the Saint-Roch neighbourhood. Quebec City is served by Jean Lesage International Airport, located 13 km (8.1 mi) west of the city centre.
Indigenous peoples
In 1975, the Cree, Inuit and the Quebec government agreed to an agreement called the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement that would extended indigenous rights beyond reserves, and to over two-thirds of Quebec's territory. In Quebec, most Indigenous languages are transmitted quite well from one generation to the next with a mother tongue retention rate of 92%. In 2021, English was the sole mother tongue of 7.6% of Quebec residents, and was a native language (alone or in combination with others) of 10.0%.
For offences against provincial or federal laws in Quebec (including the Criminal Code), the Director of Criminal and Penal Prosecutions is responsible for prosecuting offenders in court through Crown https://forex-review.net/quebex-review/ attorneys. However, given the existence of the Sûreté du Québec, its role is more limited than in the other provinces. The provincial courts have jurisdiction to decide matters under provincial law as well as federal law, including civil, criminal and constitutional matters. Quebec administrative law governs relations between individuals and the Quebec public administration.
Of this total, 62.9% of goods were imported from international markets, while 37.1% of goods were interprovincial imports. Of this total, 60.4% were international exports, and 39.6% were interprovincial exports. Thanks to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Quebec had, as of 2009update, experienced an increase in its exports and in its ability to compete on the international market. In 2011, Quebec experienced faster growth of its research-and-development (R&D) spending than other Canadian provinces. Like most industrialized countries, the economy is based mainly on the services sector.
Quebec is a member of the Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie and of the Organisation internationale de la francophonie. Quebec, like other Canadian provinces, also maintains representatives in some Canadian embassies and consulates general. These offices serve the purpose of representing Quebec in foreign countries and are overseen by Quebec's Ministry of International Relations.
